This paper was first published in the Proceedings of the 29th Annual Project Management Institute Seminar/Symposium "Tides of Change", Long Beach, California, USA, 1998. (Updated presentation, April, 2002.) Presented here as the sixth in a series linking project type through management style to project success.

Published here May, 2002.

Introduction | General Characteristics | Myers-Briggs
Comparison | Observations | Summary/Conclusions | Appendix A

Observations

From this analysis, we are now in a position to make some assessment of the numbers of different types of project-suited people in the population at large. Figure 4 shows an MBTI grid with a few key words from the appendix to reflect the "project management flavor" of those in each cell, and their approximate percentage in the population at large. For ease of reference, each cell in the grid is referenced according to its position on each of the four basic MBTI axes shown in Figure 2. However, the grid has been re-oriented to match the orientation of our Figure 1.

 Explorer

 N 

Driver 

 

INTJ 1%

compelling vision
self-confident
strategic
creative
drive

INTP 1%

vision
concentrated
analytical
impatient
not a builder

ENTP 5%

alert to next move
analytical
good judge
too many projects
restless

ENTJ 5%

drive to lead
harnesses people
structured
pushes hard
enjoys
    responsibility

 

INFJ 1%

strong contributor
consistent
looks to the future
enjoy problems
good at
   public relations

INFP 1%

idealistic
prefers values,
   not goals
perfectionist
impatient
   with details

ENFP 5%

has influence
skilled with people
likes drama
emotional
gets team
   off track

ENFJ 5%

good leader
charismatic
cooperative
organized
good follower

 I 

 E 

 

ISFJ 6%

service oriented
works hard
dependable/
   responsible
likes stability
down-to-earth

ISFP 5%

hedonic
impulsive
not a planner
spender, not saver
insubordinate

ESFP 13%

adept at selling
excellent at PR
enjoys
   entertaining
impulsive
conceals problems

ESFJ 13%

sociable
interacts well
orderly
conscientious
needs
   appreciation


 

ISTJ 6%

practical, thorough
persevering
patient
decisive
not a risk taker

ISTP 7%

impulsive
thrives on
   excitement
hunger for action
irresponsible
dislike for
   authority

ESTP 13%

resourceful
manipulative
ruthlessly
   pragmatic
no follow-through
antisocial

ESTJ 13%

responsible
dependable
highly organized
loyal, in tune
pillar of strength

 Coordinator

 S 

Administrator 

Note: the percentages show the approximate proportion of the type in the total population

Figure 4: The MBTI Grid as seen from the Project Management Perspective

Figure 5 shows the same grid used previously but shaded to reflect six different "project personality" types relative to suitability for project management teamwork. If our analysis is reasonably correct, then we may deduce that the "project" population is distributed as follows. The Explorer (entrepreneur) type makes up only about 1-2% of the population. Rather more, some 5-10%, are of the Driver (marshal) type. A similar number of Coordinator (catalyst) people are available for facilitative type duties. There are considerably more, 25-30%, Administrator (stabilizer) 'professional" types. Another 20-25% are probably more suited as "followers". That still leaves about a third of the population who are most likely uncomfortable and unsuited to working on projects at all.

If you consider a traditional, "established technology" project, Shenhar and Wideman have suggested that the "Concept" phase of a four-phase generic life cycle should start out with an "Explorer" type; proceed with a "Coordinator" in the "Definition" or planning phase; move to an assertive "Driver" type in the "Execution" phase; and conclude with an "Administrator" type in the clean-up "Finishing" phase. They have further suggested that failure to match an appropriate style to project circumstances can quickly demoralize the project team and lead to unsatisfactory project results.[6]

Figure 5: The MBTI Grid and Suitability to Project Management Teamwork
Figure 5: The MBTI Grid and Suitability to Project Management Teamwork

If these relationships are anywhere close, then for a typical enterprise contemplating moving to a project oriented style of management, about a third of the work force may be unsuited to working in the new environment. Thus, it is a mistake to think that everyone will be highly motivated by working on projects. At the same time, in a workforce population of say 100, only one or two people are seriously capable of successfully conceptualizing a project, and then, no doubt, only if they have sound project management experience. Indeed, in this size of firm, perhaps only the CEO and his or her senior vice president are thus suited.

Comparison of the Two Sets of Descriptions  Comparison of the Two Sets of Descriptions

6. Shenhar, Aaron J. and R. Max Wideman. Matching Project Management Style with Project Type for Optimum Success PMForum web site, September, 2000.
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