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Appendix B

Program/Project Management in Various Management Endeavors

Project Category Class 1 - Construction; Shipbuilding; Aerospace

(NB: All using established technology)

Project Objective

• Design and construct a physical facility
• Design and build a ship
• Design and manufacture an aerospace product

Strategy and Plans

Strategy for:

• Financing
• Contracting
• Technical specifications
• Timing

Plans for:

• Financing
• Schedule
• Technical development
• Contracting
• Sale/transfer

Organization

Temporary:

• Coordination of contractors
• Liaison with future users, government, etc.
• Transfer to owner/user/client

Permanent:

• Not applicable to program/project management

Implementation

• Coordination of a great number of organizations and individuals to ensure schedule completion
• Control expenditures to avoid overruns

Control of

• Technical progress
• Schedule
• Costs
• Revenue

Project Category Class 2 ¿ Rural Development

Project Objective

• Develop and implement a rural development program

Strategy and Plans

Strategy for:

• Financing development
• Social development
• Technical approach

Plans for:

• Financing
• Social development
• Technical development
• Implementation

Organization

Temporary:

• Interface with government, residents, social agencies, etc.

Permanent:

• Post development, social organization to continue to deal with social impacts

Implementation

• Monitor and ameliorate impact of social and financial disruptions

Control of

• Technical progress
• Schedule
• Costs
• Funding

Project Category Class 3 - Urban Development

Project Objective

• Develop and implement an urban development program

Strategy and Plans

Strategy for:

• Financing development
• Political approval
• Marketing

Plans for:

• Financing
• Political approval
• Construction phasing
• Land acquisition

Organization

Temporary:

• Planning/design
• Political liaison.
• Construction
• Marketing

Permanent:

• Property management

Implementation

• Achieve and retain "political" support from elected officials and residents
• Balance construction rate, financing and sales

Control of

• Funding commitments
• Leasing/selling
• Cash receipts/disbursements
• Construction progress
• Development approvals
• Land purchase

Project Category Class 4æ - Organizational Change

Project Objective

• Achieve a change in structure, staffing, system or style in an organization

Strategy and Plans

Strategy for:

• Investment
• Timing

Plans for:

• Commitment for key staff
• Organization's units to be included
• Implementation of the change

Organization

Temporary:

• Core group to interface with all affected groups
• Participatory planning for transition to the new structure

Permanent:

• Assume control after change is complete

Implementation

• Commitment required from key leaders, followed by all affected persons
• Management of potential conflicts as change occurs

Control of

• Schedule
• Costs
• Progress and effectiveness of the required organizational change

Project Category Class 5 - Performance Turn-around æ

Project Objective

• Within a defined period of time, turn a poor performance situation into a successful one

Strategy and Plans

Strategy for:

• Capitalizing on existing strengths
• Investment of resources

Plans for:

• Resource investment
• Staff utilization
• Performance schedule and major review milestones

Organization

Temporary:

• Require a clearly defined charter and control over resources
• Establish the design of the new organizational approach

Permanent:

• Assume operation after the turn-around is complete

Implementation

• Establish an "esprit-de-corps" among members of the temporary task force
• Ensure the acceptance of the changes by the group in question and the rest of the organization
• Closely track performance with schedule

Control of

• Financial investment and resulting projected revenue
• Technical performance
• Technical resources and personnel employed
• Key schedule events and milestones

Project Category Class 6 ¿ New Venture

Project Objective

• Successfully launch a new venture (business, product, etc.)

Strategy and Plans

Strategy for:

• Financing venture
• Product
• Marketing

Plans for:

• Financing
• Production
• Marketing/sales
• Maintenance

Organization

Temporary:

• Organizational development
• Liaison with major technical, financial and marketing groups

Permanent:

• Operate venture after startup

Implementation

• Maintain coordination with support groups
• Transition from development to operation is critical

Control of

• Technical performance
• Operational preparedness of backup units
• Schedule progress
• Costs
• Revenue projections

Project Category Class 7 - Research and Development

Project Objective

• Conduct research
• Develop into a marketable product

Strategy and Plans

Strategy for:

• Investment
• Timing
• Research direction
• Timing

Plans for:

• Staffing
• Investment
• Review points

Organization

Temporary:

• R&D group maintain linkages with marketing and other support groups

Permanent:

• Not usually applicable in this environment

Implementation

• Must ensure continuous linkages between R&D functions
• "Go/No-go" decision on development is critical and requires input from other units in organization

Control of

• Technical progress costs
• Revenue forecasts
• Schedules for each phase
• Linkages between phases

Appendix A

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